Txawm hais tias ntau tus neeg tau hnov tias Styrofoam muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntiaj teb, ob peb tus neeg nkag siab tias Styrofoam ua phem rau ib puag ncig. Tshawb nrhiav qhov cuam tshuam Styrofoam hauv ntiaj teb los pab koj txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom no.
Styrofoam Is Expanded Polystyrene
Styrofoam tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv niaj hnub lees paub uas tib neeg tsis tshua nres kom paub tias nws yog tsim los ntawm polystyrene, roj av-raws li yas. Qhov tseeb, Styrofoam yog lub npe lag luam rau nthuav dav polystyrene (EPS), taw qhia rau xyoo 2015 BBC tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Nws piav qhia tias cov hlaws polystyrene tau ua tiav siv cov tshuaj uas yog steamed thiab nthuav, tsim cov khoom EPS. Nws tau txais koob meej vim nws yog lub teeb yuag; nws yog 95% cua. Nws muaj cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev zoo uas ua kom cov khoom txias lossis kub, thiab ua kom cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom yam tsis muaj qhov hnyav ntxiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau xyoo cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev phom sij ntawm Styrofoam / EPS rau tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig tau nce zuj zus.
Environmental He alth Kev txhawj xeeb
Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv ib puag ncig pib nrog cov khoom siv los ua Styrofoam. Styrene, piv txwv li, yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb siv los ua polystyrene. Txawm hais tias American Chemistry Council sau tseg tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm polystyrene (khoom) thiab styrene (kua), thiab thaum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg pleev, styrene tseem yog ib feem ntawm polystyrene.
Possible Carcinogen
Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Mob Cancer twb tau tsim styrene ua tus neeg muaj peev xwm carcinogen hauv 2002. Yog li xyoo 2014 National Toxicological Program qhia txog cov kab mob carcinogens (nplooj 1) uas faib cov styrene li "tsim nyog xav tias yuav yog tib neeg carcinogen" thiab txuas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm leukemia thiab lymphoma cancer.
Occupational He alth Hazards
Txawm hais tias Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Cheeb Tsam (EPA) qhia txog styrene tseem tsis tau faib nws li carcinogenic, nws teev ntau yam kev phom sij rau cov neeg uas raug cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua hauv kev tsim cov khoom tsim nrog styrene. Qee qhov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv uas tau ntsib muaj xws li khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag, thiab ua pa sab sauv thiab plab hnyuv.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm EPA hais tias kev kis tus kab mob styrene mus ntev ua rau muaj teeb meem ntxiv, suav nrog kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub paj hlwb thiab ua pa, thiab tejzaum nws lub raum thiab daim siab, nrog rau lwm yam teeb meem. Nws kuj ua rau muaj kev rho menyuam tawm ntawm cov poj niam. Kev sib cuag nrog cov kua styrene thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua rau thawj qib kub hnyiab raws li NIH daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
Food Contamination
Cov zaub mov hauv Styrofoam ntim tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas nkag mus rau hauv cov zaub mov, cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog accentuated yog tias tib neeg rov ua cov zaub mov thaum tseem nyob hauv lub thawv. Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb pom tias styrene tuaj yeem tawm ntawm EPS. Txawm tias American Chemistry Council lees paub tias muaj kev sib kis ntawm styrene los ntawm Styrofoam rau zaub mov, txawm tias nyob rau hauv feeb ntau. Yog li cov neeg siv Styrofoam kis tau los ntawm styrene, thiab tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.
Lub Environmental Working Group (EWG) xav kom EPA txwv styrene raws li nws tau pom nyob rau hauv 40% ntawm cov neeg Amelikas. Raws li NIH tsab ntawv ceeb toom qhia, ntim tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev uas styrene tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Air pollution Los ntawm Manufacturing Processes
Huab cua muaj kuab paug vim nyob ze rau kev lag luam uas ua rau Styrofoam yog lwm txoj hauv kev kom nthuav tawm Styrene, raws li NIH daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Ntau cov tshuaj siv hauv kev tsim khoom yog tshuaj lom, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm uas ua rau lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, emissions los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no tuaj yeem ua paug rau huab cua, thiab cov kua thiab cov khoom pov tseg uas tsim tawm yuav tsum muab pov tseg.
Hydrofluorocarbon yav dhau los siv
HFCs, lossis hydrofluorocarbons siv thawj zaug hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm Styrofoam, raug tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, txawm tias tam sim no lawv tau hloov lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev puas tsuaj tau ua tiav vim HFCs ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov sov.
Tam sim no Styrofoam ntau lawm siv cardon dioxide thiab pentane es tsis txhob muaj kuab paug.
Benzene
Benzene yog lwm cov khoom tseem ceeb siv los ua Styrofoam.
- Nws raug suav hais tias yog cov kab mob carcinogenic uas yog qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev ua haujlwm, txawm tias ua rau mob leukemia thaum mob hnyav, raws li EPA.
- Nws yog Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Muaj Hluav Taws Xob tau muab cais ua cov pa phem tseem ceeb los ntawm EPA, uas feem ntau nyob hauv huab cua, tab sis ncav cuag av thiab dej thaum ntxuav los ntawm nag thiab daus. Tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov khoom siv hauv av, vim tias nws tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej rau qee qhov, raws li NIH daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
Dioxins
Dioxins yog Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) uas yog siv los tsim polystyrene.
- Dioxins ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab hormonal teeb meem thiab cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm fetus raws li kev ua haujlwm txaus ntshai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm raug rau nws.
- Thaum Styrofoam hlawv rau lub zog lossis pov tseg, nws raug tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig ua rau huab cua paug thiab teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thaum nqus los ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj.
Expanded Polystyrene Yog Tsis-Biodegradable
Styrofoam zoo nkaus li nyob mus ib txhis raws li nws tiv taus photolysis, los yog tawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm photons los ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw. Lub Society of Environmental Journalists hais tias nws yuav tsum tau txog 500 xyoo kom decompose.
Production Rates and Recycling
Raws li Scientific American, xyoo 2014 muaj tag nrho ntawm 28,500 tons ntawm Styrofoam tau tsim thiab 90% tau siv los ua khob, tais, ntim thiab ntim khoom. Lwm qhov kev siv loj ntawm Styrofoam yog cov rwb thaiv tsev rau lub ru tsev, phab ntsa, pem teb hauv cov tsev, thiab cov khoom ntim xoob hu ua packing peanuts.
Thaum nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab poob qis. Hauv ntau lub zej zog, tib neeg tau hais tias lawv cov tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsis lees txais cov khoom lag luam polystyrene. Cov chaw rau curbside sau lossis tso tawm cov chaw rau cov khoom ntim thiab cov thawv ntim khoom noj tsis sib npaug hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv cov khoom xws li cov tais hauv tsev noj mov lossis cov khoom ntim khoom ntim. Qee lub xeev xws li Texas tsis kam ntim cov txiv laum huab xeeb rau kev rov ua dua vim tias lawv tawg yooj yim thiab ua paug rau ib puag ncig, yog li ua tib zoo saib seb qhov twg tuaj yeem siv tau thiab siv tsis tau yog tias muaj chaw nyob ze koj.
Nws nyuaj rau rov ua dua ntawm qhov loj vim nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom raws li 2015 BBC tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Thiab qhov no yog vim li cas ntau lub nroog thiab cov nroog txwv tsis pub siv Styrofoam, raws li 2015 MSNBC tsab ntawv ceeb toom.
Tshem tawm ib puag ncig teeb meem Vim khib nyiab
Tus nqi ntawm Styrofoam pov tseg uas accumulates yog colossal, raws li tsuas yog 1% ntawm Styrofoam yog siv nyob rau hauv California raws li 2016 Los Angeles Times xov xwm tshaj tawm. Cov teeb meem tsim los ntawm cov khib nyiab ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
-
Pov tseg styrofoam daim hlau thiab khob Styrofoam yooj yim tawg rau hauv me me. Cov av me thiab cov tsiaj hauv dej noj cov khoom no tuag vim muaj co toxins thiab txhaws ntawm lawv lub plab ua rau kev tshaib plab, raws li Los Angeles Times.
- Qhov no, ua ke nrog qhov tseeb tias Styrofoam yog qhov sib sib zog nqus thiab yog li ntab, txhais tau hais tias dhau sijhawm ntau cov polystyrene tau khaws cia raws ntug hiav txwv thiab dej thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khib nyiab marine.
- Muab nws qhov ntxeem tau nws absorbs ntau lwm yam carcinogenic kuab paug nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv zoo li DDT tsim nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, raws li Los Angeles Times.
- Nyob rau hauv qab dej hiav txwv uas nws ua paug rau lub hiav txwv. Thaum cov ntses noj cov khoom muaj kuab lom hauv Styrofoam thiab cov pa phem ntxiv nws nqus, cov tshuaj bioaccumulate thiab tuaj yeem ua mob rau cov neeg uas haus cov nqaij nruab deg no raws li Los Angeles Times.
Non-Sustainable
Lwm qhov laj thawj uas Styrofoam muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig yog tias nws yog tsim los ntawm cov roj av, uas yog cov khoom siv tsis ruaj khov. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ntawm Project AWARE, "Raws li 4 feem pua ntawm cov roj av siv thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo yog siv los ua cov yas, thiab lwm 4 feem pua yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yas." Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim roj av tsim muaj kuab paug hnyav.
Alternatives rau Styrofoam
Tau los nrog qhov tsim nyog hloov pauv rau Styrofoam / EPS tau nyuaj rau cov kws tshawb fawb, txawm tias muaj kev cia siab.
-
Cov neeg siv khoom them rau kas fes Ib lub tuam txhab hu ua Ecovative Design tau tsim ib txoj kab ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsim los ntawm cov kab mob uas zoo li Styrofoam thiab xav ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua rau cov khoom siv xws li ntim khoom.
- Muaj ntau ntau yam khoom siv bio-composite muaj raws li rwb thaiv tsev uas tuaj yeem hloov Styrofoam hauv kev tsim kho.
- Txo kev siv Styrofoam los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ib zaug. Siv lossis nug cov khob ntawv siv Styrofoam. Ntau lub khw kas fes, tsev kawm ntawv cafes thiab Slurpee cov khw muag khoom muaj luv nqi thaum cov neeg siv khoom nqa lawv tus kheej mugs thiab khob. Qee tus txawm muaj peev xwm sib koom mugs.
Ua ib qho kev xaiv Eco-Friendly
Txo qhov kev cia siab ntawm Styrofoam yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los txo nws cov khoom tsim tawm thiab cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Yog tias koj xav ua qhov kev xaiv zoo rau eco-phooj ywg los tshem tawm kev siv Styrofoam, nrhiav cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab, muaj cov khoom siv biodegradable, thiab cov khoom siv tau yooj yim dua.
