Log pov tau ua rau qee qhov kev kub ntxhov, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev ua qias tuaj hauv cov pej xeem uas tau pom dua. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov kev sib cav sib cav uas nyob ib puag ncig qhov chaw pov tseg, ib qho loj tshaj plaws yog qhov sib txuas ntawm ob qho tib si nkag siab xav tau kev pov tseg thiab tsis muaj lub siab xav nyob ze ib leeg. Kev khawb av tsuas yog ua teeb meem rau pej xeem ntau ntxiv raws sijhawm.
Teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg
Raws li 2014 Factsheet luam tawm los ntawm Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), tus neeg nruab nrab tsim 4.4 phaus pov tseg, ntawm 2.3 phaus xaus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg txhua hnub (pg. 12 thiab 13). Qhov xwm txheej tau txhim kho ob qho tib si ntawm tus kheej thiab hauv zej zog. Kev tsim khoom pov tseg tau qis tshaj plaws txij li xyoo 1990, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem xaus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg yog nqis mus rau 53% lossis 136 lab tons hauv 2014, los ntawm 89% hauv xyoo 1980s. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo no qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, nce ntawm 10% hauv xyoo 1980 mus rau 34% xyoo 2014 (pg. 4).
Cov teeb meem ib puag ncig los ntawm kev pov tseg muaj ntau heev. Tsis muaj kev sib cav txog qhov kev lees paub tias muaj ntau yam uas ua rau muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm kev pov tseg. Cov teebmeem tsis zoo feem ntau muab tso rau hauv ob pawg sib txawv: cov teebmeem atmospheric thiab hydrological teebmeem. Txawm hais tias cov teebmeem no yog ob qho tib si tseem ceeb, qhov tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv tseem ceeb kom nkag siab ntawm tus kheej.
Atmospheric Effects
New York Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau tshaj tawm txog methane thiab carbon dioxide yog cov pa roj tseem ceeb uas tsim thiab tsim txog li 90 txog 98% ntawm cov roj av pov tseg. Nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia, sulfides, hydrogen thiab lwm yam gases kuj tsim nyob rau hauv me me ntim. Gases tuaj yeem ua teeb meem rau nce mus txog 50 xyoo.
Raws li Environmental Defense Fund hais txog, methane yog "84 npaug ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon dioxide nyob rau lub sijhawm luv." Tsis yog tsuas yog methane tau tsim los ntawm ntau hom rotting organic teeb meem pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg, tab sis cov tshuaj ntxuav tsev feem ntau ua rau lawv txoj kev ntawm no thiab. Cov no yog cov hauv qab no cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa roj:
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj xws li tshuaj dawb thiab ammonia hauv cov chaw pov tseg tuaj yeem tsim cov pa phem thiab tsw ntxhiab uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau huab cua zoo nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg. Hydrogen sulphide tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg tsw tsw zoo ib yam li cov qe lwj.
- Cov pa hauv av tsis nyob ntawm qhov chaw. Thaum tso tawm hauv huab cua, cov pa roj pom lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau hauv tsev thiab lwm lub tsev los ntawm qhov rais thiab qhov rooj, lossis los ntawm cov av hauv av mus rau hauv qab daus thiab lwm yam thiab ua rau cov av vapor nkag mus piav qhia New York Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv.
- Dhau li ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw, cov roj av pov tseg tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ua rau muaj teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav lossis mob ntev raws li New York Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv.
- Ib sab ntawm ntau hom roj av uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov chaw pov tseg, plua plav thiab lwm yam khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem ua rau lawv txoj hauv kev. Qhov no txhawb ntxiv rau qhov teeb meem huab cua zoo uas plagues niaj hnub landfills.
Hydrological Effects
Landfills kuj tsim cov kua zaub lom ntawm kev lag luam thiab tshuaj ntxuav tsev. Cov neeg pov tseg txhua yam los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv cov chaw pov tseg, thiab cov tshuaj no sib xyaw thiab sib xyaw ua ke nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab ua rau dej paug.
- Groundwater contamination- US Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program qhia tias cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem muaj cov hlau hnyav xws li "lead, barium, chromium, cob alt, thiab npib tsib xee." Raws li cov organic tebchaw xws li "bisphenol A, tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab hluav taws kub retardants." Cov no tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv av thiab mus rau hauv cov dej hauv av uas kis tau rau nws. Cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej hauv av, thiab Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Pej Xeem tau sau tseg tias cov chaw pov tseg qub tsis tau npog nrog cov khoom tsis zoo los tiv thaiv leaching yog cov teeb meem tam sim no.
- Ntoog dej muaj kuab paug - cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg muaj kuab paug dej thiab lwm qhov chaw dej saum npoo av. Tus Saib Xyuas qhia txog ammonia uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg hloov mus rau nitrogen thiab ua rau eutrophication, qhov twg algal loj hlob thiab siv tag nrho cov pa oxygen hauv dej, tua lwm cov ntses lub neej. Ntxiv mus, co toxins hauv leachates tuaj yeem tua cov tsiaj qus thiab cov tsiaj hauv tsev uas haus cov dej no. Tus Saib Xyuas kuj tau tshaj tawm tias "hauv tib neeg, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij pob, xeev siab, mob plab, mob taub hau thiab kub taub hau."
Ib daim ntawv EPA sau tseg tias txij li cov dej hauv av thiab cov dej saum npoo txuas nrog, cov pa phem tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm ob qhov dej.
Cov Teeb Meem Ntxiv Ntxiv Qhov Chaw Rau Ib puag ncig
Emissions thiab dej paug tsis yog ib hom teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev pov tseg. Kev saib ze dua tuaj yeem pom tias yog vim li cas ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas xav tau yog qhov nyuaj heev los ntawm.
Decomposition
Qee lub sij hawm, qhov chaw pov tseg yog npog nrog lub ntiaj teb, noob nrog nyom, thiab hloov mus rau qhov chaw ua si. Kev tswj cov pa roj tawm los ntawm cov chaw no yog qhov teeb meem tas li thiab tsim cov nqi txuas ntxiv txawm tias lub façade tshiab ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg. Decomposition tshwm sim maj mam thaum tsis muaj oxygen piav qhia Live Science. Qee cov khoom uas yog ntuj, xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub khib nyiab, yuav decompose nyob rau hauv lub lis piam thaum cov khoom xws li Styrofoam tuaj yeem siv ntau tshaj 500 xyoo los decompose.
Effect on Wildlife
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) tshaj tawm cov noog xws li storks thiab tsiaj txhu zoo li grizzly dais tau txais kev nyiam mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg vim tias muaj ntau cov zaub mov pov tseg feem ntau pom hauv lawv. Cov tsiaj no tab tom hloov tus cwj pwm ntev, nrog cov storks tso kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob thiab pub rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. EnvironmentalChemistry.com qhia txog tib neeg cov zaub mov tsis yog ib txwm tsim nyog rau cov tsiaj thiab lawv tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov zaub mov lom los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo lossis ua tsis zoo.
Tshuaj tsuag tsuag tsuag
Cov pa hauv av, thiab cov khib nyiab pov tseg, tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws tau yooj yim. Cov hluav taws kub nyhiab tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev tso tawm thiab ua rau muaj kuab paug ntawm huab cua thiab dej. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov chaw nyob ze yog tias tsis tswj tau sai txaus. Cov pa hluav taws kub tshaj plaws uas feem ntau tsim los ntawm cov chaw pov tseg yog methane, uas yog cov hluav taws kub kub heev. Cov neeg tua hluav taws feem ntau yuav siv cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab los tua hluav taws hauv qhov chaw pov tseg vim muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm dej, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov chaw pov tseg no.
Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Iowa tau taw qhia tias muaj ntau dua 8,000 qhov chaw pov tseg hluav taws kub nyhiab txhua xyoo hauv Asmeskas Cov pa taws los ntawm cov hluav taws no tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ua pa yog tias lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab dej hauv kev tua hluav taws tuaj yeem kis tau cov kua qaub. Kev ua qias tuaj hauv av thiab dej raws li Waste360 thiab ib daim ntawv qhia tau npaj rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Tswj Xyuas Xwm Ceev thiab lwm lub koom haum US.
Climate Change
Methane thiab carbon dioxide uas tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg yog lub tsev cog khoom gases ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov sov. "Tebchaws Asmeskas cov chaw pov tseg tau tso tawm kwv yees li 148 lab metric tons (163 lab tons) ntawm CO2 sib npaug rau huab cua hauv xyoo 2014 ib leeg," qhia Ensia. Kev hloov pauv huab cua yog kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig zuj zus.
Txoj kev daws kom txo cov khib nyiab
Raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txo lawv cov lej thiab cov khoom pov tseg hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Qhov no xav tau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm, tsoomfwv cov cai, thiab kev lag luam ntiag tug.
Increase Recycling and Composting
Cov khib nyiab uas txhua tus neeg siv rov ua dua tau ze li ob npaug, thiab cov nyiaj khib nyiab yog plaub npaug ntau dua li xyoo 1990, raws li EPA's 2014 Factsheet (Table 4, pg. 13). Feem ntau ntawm cov pov tseg hauv qhov chaw pov tseg tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim hauv tsev neeg, piv txwv li 21% ntawm cov khoom noj (pg. 7). Kev ua kom rov ua dua tshiab thiab ua kom ntxiv ntxiv kom txo tau cov nyiaj uas xaus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg yuav tsum tau ua rau tus kheej thiab ua kom txaus thiab ua tau zoo thiab ua cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm tsoomfwv, thiab kev lag luam raws li Tus Economist. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li University of Southern Indiana taw qhia, kev rov ua dua yog pheej yig dua li kev muab pov tseg lossis kev tua.
Mining Is a Creative Solution
Ib tug naj npawb ntawm cov chaw pov tseg tau siv txij li lub sijhawm ntev ua ntej kev rov ua dua tshiab. Cov chaw pov tseg no muaj cov peev txheej ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av uas tsuas yog zaum ntawm qhov rotting, thiab qhov no tau tsim lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb rau "ntsuab" American mining. Nrog rau cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab lwm yam minerals hauv hluav taws xob pov tseg, ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab tau saib cov chaw pov tseg xws li cov mines kub. Qhov kev ua ub no ntxiv los nrog cov pa phem hauv huab cua loj dua ntawm cov plua plav; Txawm li cas los xij qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pa phem uas tsis tsim los ntawm kev khawb cov khoom tshiab thiab xa lawv mus thoob ntiaj teb, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig txawm tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsoomfwv raws li kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb hauv 2015.
A 2016 Massachusetts Institute of Technology daim ntawv tshaj tawm suav txog cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig deb tshaj cov nqi thiab cov teeb meem ntawm kev rho tawm cov hlau faus, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab tuaj yeem mus ntev hauv kev txo cov khib nyiab thiab lawv cov teeb meem cuam tshuam.
Energy Production
Txij li thaum cov roj av pov tseg (LFG) tau tsim 50% ntawm cov methane combustible, qhov teeb meem erstwhile no tau pom tias yog lub sijhawm thiab siv los ua lub zog. Qhov Kev Pabcuam Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Methane ntawm EPA, sau tseg LFG yog "qhov thib peb loj tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg cov methane emissions hauv Tebchaws Meskas, suav txog kwv yees li 18.2 feem pua ntawm cov emissions hauv 2014." Hloov chaw ua paug thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo, LFG raug rho tawm los ntawm qhov dej hauv qhov chaw pov tseg thiab siv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, kev siv ncaj qha, kev cog lus hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cua sov thiab lub zog hluav taws xob (CHP), lossis siv los ua lwm cov roj, feem ntau hauv cov chav tsev
Make a Difference
Txawm tias tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov khib nyiab tawm hauv tsev, muaj cov kauj ruam tiag tiag uas leej twg tuaj yeem ua kom tsawg kawg txo cov khib nyiab uas lawv tsim. Tej yam yooj yim los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub kom txo qis kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus kheej. Tsis yog txhua qhov zoo ib puag ncig cov kauj ruam yuav tsum yog cov loj loj. Ntau cov kauj ruam me me feem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau qhov loj mus rau tom ntej, thiab muaj qee yam uas txhua tus tuaj yeem hloov pauv kom tsis txhob khib nyiab.
