Lub postmodern tsim txav mus txog ob xyoo lawm, pib nrog architecture nyob rau hauv 1960s, txawm hais tias nws heyday yog los ntawm txog 1970 mus rau 1990. Nws yog ib tug muaj zog ntxeev siab rau lub minimalist lub tswv yim ntawm niaj hnub tsim. Postmodern tsim embraces unconventional tswv yim nrog ib tug tseem ceeb rau playful, artsy thiab extravagant style.
Lub Kaj ntug ntawm Ib Lub Sijhawm Tshiab
Lub Bohemian kab lis kev cai ntawm hippies nyob rau hauv 1960s pave txoj kev rau ib tug tshiab era ntawm muaj tswv yim qhia nyob rau hauv kos duab, suab paj nruag, zam thiab tsim. Paj lub zog thiab cov plaub hau dawb ntws tau ua raws li kev nthuav qhia architecture nrog kev sib tw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cim thiab qhov kev cuam tshuam no nws thiaj li dhau los ua kev txiav txim siab rau sab hauv.
Ob qhov loj tshaj plaws uas tsav lub Postmodern zog yog American architecture thiab Italian radical tsim, raws li Glenn Adamson, ib tug curator ntawm "Postmodernism: Style thiab Subversion 1970-1990," exhibition muaj nyob rau London's Victoria thiab Albert Tsev khaws puav pheej. Daim ntawv tsis ua raws li kev ua haujlwm hauv cov ntsiab lus brazen ntawm postmodern tsim. Nws yog kev tawm mus sai sai los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim niaj hnub no.
A Revolution Begins
Robert Venturi tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog ib qho piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim qauv tom qab - lub tsev nws tsim rau nws niam. Ua tiav xyoo 1964, Vanna Venturi Lub Tsev muaj qhov txawv txav façade uas yog ob qho tib si yooj yim thiab nyuaj hauv nws qhov tsis sib xws. Lub ru tsev pitched muab lub tsev zoo li tus me nyuam zoo li daim duab. Tsis quav ntsej txog Modernist tenet uas kho kom zoo nkauj tsis muaj qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev, Venturi thiab nws tus khub tsim, Denise Scott Brown, ntxiv cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo xws li lub qhov rooj tsis txhawb nqa thiab lub chimney loj loj. Asymmetrical loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rais pem hauv ntej tseem yog lwm txoj cai tsim kev puas tsuaj uas khub ua haujlwm tawm tsam ntawm Modernist cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib luag thiab huv si, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kab thiab daim ntawv.
Sab hauv tsev, Venturi ua si nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm nplai, siv lub qhov cub loj loj thiab cov ntaiv qis ua rau tsis pom qhov twg. Nws radical, unconventional designs tau lees paub los ntawm Chicago pej xeem TV chaw nres tsheb, WTTW (Qhov rai mus rau lub ntiaj teb no), raws li ib tug ntawm 10 lub tsev uas hloov America. Robert Venturi kuj tau sau cov phau ntawv hais txog nws cov tswv yim tsim vaj tsev uas tsis lees paub cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm kev niaj hnub no hauv Complexity thiab Contradiction in Architecture (1966) thiab Kawm los ntawm Las Vegas (1972).
Deconstructivism thiab New Wave
Cov kev cuam tshuam yav dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv tom qab tiam sis zoo li muaj qhov sib txawv lossis kev sib tw. Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm Postmodernism yog complexity thiab contradiction. Lub utopian perfection qhia los ntawm niaj hnub tsim tau hloov nrog deconstructivism thiab aesthetic ntawm lub nroog apocalypse.
The Original Grunge Look
Thaum xyoo 1970s, tus kws kes duab vajtse Frank Gehry tau coj nws lub tsev Santa Monica sib nrug thiab rov tsim kho nws nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas tshwm sim tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke. Nws siv impulsive transformations uas zoo li muaj nyob tsis muaj laj thawj meej:
- Sab hauv phab ntsa ntub dej raug tshem tawm kom nthuav tawm cov qauv tsim
- Chain-link thiab plywood tau ntxiv rau sab nrauv
Gehry txoj kev siv cov corrugated hlau panels ua ib qho chaw zoo nkauj ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm nws qhov kev hloov kho hauv tsev radical kuj ua ntej ntawm nws lub sijhawm, vim qhov zoo li no feem ntau ntawm cov vov tsev ntau dua li cov tsev nyob hauv nroog. Gehry tau mus tsim qee lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab txawv txawv hauv ntiaj teb.
Punk Nyob Hauv Tsev
Lub subculture thiab anti-tsim kev xav ntawm lub punk era kuj muaj cai nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog Postmodernism. Vivienne Westwood yog tus thawj coj uas tsim cov qauv punk ntawm lub xyoo 70s thiab thaum ntxov 80s. Xyoo 2009, nws tau koom tes nrog Cole thiab Tub los tsim cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov ntawv ntsa. Westwood kuj tau coj ib co British subculture rau Lub Tuam Txhab Rug nyob rau hauv 2006, qhov twg cov tattered, hnav tawm remnants ntawm Union Jack chij yog reproduced rau hauv kim, high-end rugs, phab ntsa tapestries los yog accent hauv ncoo.
Nkauj Tshiab
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua "designer" ntawm lub xyoo 1980s, txhua yam los ua ib tug style. Postmodern yam ntxwv ntawm vivid xim, theatrical duab thiab exaggerated cov ntaub ntawv los ua tus tseem ceeb saib nyob rau hauv zam, rooj tog thiab accessories.
Cov duab txiav-ntug hauv kev kos duab, cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab txhawb nqa ib qho tshiab, tom qab punk subculture uas nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo li Domus tau qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm cov rooj tog zaum tshiab los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv Italian xws li Studio Alchimia thiab Memphis. Tus kws ntaus nkauj lig, David Bowie, yog tus kiv cua loj thiab sau ntawm Memphis tsim. Nov yog New Wave thiab duab yog txhua yam.
Postmodern Masters
Thaum lub sijhawm 20 ligthcentury, Ltalis tau los ua lub ntiaj teb qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim, ua tsaug rau tus tsim maestri lossis "tus tswv" designers xws li Alessandro Mendini thiab Ettore Sottass.
A True Pioneer
W magazine hais txog Alessandro Mendini raws li nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm Ltalis lub radical tsim txav thaum lub sij hawm 60s thiab 70s thiab tom qab ntawd, Postmodernism. Mendini yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev coj kev paub txog kev txav los ntawm nws txoj kev koom tes rau Italian tsim cov ntawv xov xwm suav nrog Casabella, Modo thiab Domus.
Raws li tus tsim qauv, Mendini tau tsim cov khoom uas tau pom zoo, nrog cov xim tawv tawv thiab cov qauv zoo nkauj. Nws nto moo tshaj plaws tsim yog 1978 Proust Chair. Mendini "redesigned" ib qho ornately carved, ntoo-thav duab Baroque armchair nrog dawb upholstery los ntawm projecting ib tug swb rau nws thiab tes painting ib tug pointillism qauv thoob plaws nws. Lub rooj zaum tau rov tsim dua tshiab nrog cov tsiaj qus ntawm ntau cov qauv ntau xyoo caum tom qab kaum xyoo, raws li pom hauv xyoo 2009: Proust Geometrica.
Xyoo 1979, Mendini thiab ib tug puv tes ntawm lwm tus neeg tsim avant garde, suav nrog nws tus phooj ywg thiab cov npoj yaig, Ettore Sottas, tau koom tes los tsim Studio Alchimia. Mendini tau txais kev lom zem ntawm Modernist cov tswv yim uas tsis suav nrog kev siv cov xim ci thiab cov ntaub ntawv exaggerated los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom muaj xim zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ua yeeb yam thiab cov kitsch motifs.
Alessandro Mendini feem ntau yuam kev yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Memphis Group, raws li nws tau tsim ib daim rau lawv thawj phau ntawv nyob rau hauv 1981. Txawm li cas los, Mendini hais rau W Magazine nws tsis kam Sottass 'kev thov los koom, raws li nws xav. nyob nrog Alchimia.
The Memphis Group
Hauv xyoo 1981, ib pab pawg neeg nyiam tsim qauv hauv Milan tau coj cov qauv tsim qauv tom qab mus rau theem tshiab nrog lawv qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov rooj tog zoo nkauj, duab kos duab ntawm Salone del Mobile. Tsim los ntawm tus tsim qauv, Ettore Sottass, lub npe nrov Memphis Group suav nrog Peter Shire, Michael Graves, George Sowden, Michele De Lucchi thiab Nathalie Du Pasquier, ntawm lwm tus.
Nrog lub siab tawv, sib tsoo cov xim, cov duab tsis sib xws thiab cov qauv qus, Memphis tej daim tau tsim los sib txuas lus tswv yim. Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Memphis rooj tog suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov duab geometric overtly ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hauv cov xim ci, sib txawv. Cov duab dub-thiab-dawb qauv kuj muaj ntau. Qhov no overstated, yuav luag cartoonish style kav rau ntau ntawm 1980s. Nov yog saib luv luv ntawm peb ntawm nws cov tswv cuab:
Ettore Sottass
Ettore Sottass tau pab txhais qhov zoo ntawm cov rooj tog zaum tom qab nrog nws siv cov xim ci ntsa iab, cov duab nraaj thiab cov khoom tsis ua haujlwm. Nws iconic Carlton bookcase featured yeeb yuj, lub kaum sab xis rhawv thiab bookends disconnected ntawm ib leeg. Nws tawm tsam qhov kev xav ntawm vim li cas lub thawv ntawv yuav tsum zoo li lub thawv ntawv ib txwm.
George Sowden
George Sowden, tus tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau Olivetti, tau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg Memphis, nrog rau nws tus hluas nkauj / tsis ntev los ua poj niam thiab tus tsim qauv, Nathalie Du Pasquier. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Sowden's Memphis cov khoom ntawm Sowden Design.com, uas suav nrog cov khoom muaj yeeb yuj, cov rooj zaum zoo nkauj thiab cov moos nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj.
Nathalie Du Pasquier
Nathalie Du Pasquier feem ntau yog ib tus kws kos duab uas qiv nws lub peev xwm rau pawg Memphis hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov muag pom, muaj zog qauv siv rau textiles, upholstery thiab pleev xim rau rooj tog. Thaum Memphis tawg nyob rau hauv 1987, Du Pasquier rov qab mus rau painting thiab sculpting nyob rau hauv nws Milan studio. Thaum kev txaus siab rau Postmodern style tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum thib ob ntawm lub xyoo txhiab tshiab, Du Pasquier tau tsa nws cov qauv retro hauv kev koom tes nrog American Apparel. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov hauv ncoo, da dej thiab cov phuam da dej uas muaj Nathalie Du Pasquier cov qauv ntawm Finnish Design Shop, uas nyob hauv Finland tab sis muaj kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb (nias rau ntawm qhov txuas rau Asmeskas Kev xa khoom nyob rau sab laug sab laug).
Postmodern 2.0
Hlub nws los yog ntxub nws, Dezeen tshaj tawm qhov rov qab los ntawm Postmodernism nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 2015. Qhov kev txiav ntug tsim thiab architecture site featured lub caij ntuj sov ntev series ua kev zoo siab rau cov keeb kwm ntawm Postmodernism nyiam lub npe, "Pomo summer." Fueled los ntawm kev nthuav qhia xws li "Style thiab Subversion" ntawm London's V & A tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau xyoo 2011 thiab Li Edelkoort's Totemism qhia hauv 2013, ib qho tshiab Memphis hauv 2014 tau pab tsa lub Postmodern saib; ib qho style cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tshaj tawm Art Deco era, lub whims vibes ntawm Pop Art thiab reinterpreted motifs ntawm yav dhau los.
Design Features of Postmodern Rooms
Designer rooj tog thiab accessories feem ntau kim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lawv yog vintage qub thiab ntawm Italian tsim. Txawm hais tias chav tsev tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob Memphis tsuas tuaj yeem thov rau cov neeg siv khoom eccentric uas muaj peev xwm them taus nws, cov eclectic accents tseem tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lwm cov qauv tsim hauv me me. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm daim foos radical no tau ua rau muaj kev txhawb nqa rau lwm tus neeg tsim qauv nto moo nrog rau kev zam zam los ntawm Christian Dior thiab rooj tog los ntawm Matthew Sullivan.
Postmodern Dining Room
Fashion icon, Karl Lagerfeld, kuj tau coj los ntawm kev txiav-ntug style ntawm Memphis-Milano tsim thiab sau nws chav tsev nrog Pomo style rooj tog. Lagerfeld mus nrog cov mos mos, nruab nrab grey ntawm nws cov phab ntsa hauv tsev, uas tsis sib tw nrog cov xim tawv tawv ntawm cov rooj tog zaum thiab cov khoom siv.
Sleek, pob zeb hauv pem teb ntxiv rau qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov rooj tog laminated uas suav nrog:
- Pierre Table los ntawm George Sowden - Cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj cov qauv hloov maj mam Chevron thaum ob txhais ceg tau npog hauv cov blocks ntawm cov xim liab, xiav thiab daj. Lub rooj vintage ntawm Artemest raug nqi txog $12,000.
- Riviera Chairs los ntawm Michele de Lucchi - Cov rooj zaum yas molded nrog lawv ob txhais ceg xiav yog ib qho nyuaj los ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm plaub; Lagerfeld zoo li muaj rau lossis ntau dua. Yog tias koj nrhiav tsis tau ib lub vintage teeb, lawv tseem raug tsim thiab muag ntawm qhov chaw, Memphis-Milano, hauv Ltalis rau txog 1300 Euros lossis $ 1380.
- Malabar Sideboard los ntawm Ettore Sottas - Qhov no txawv txawv, duab puab zoo li lub sideboard sib xyaw cov ntoo ntaws nrog sleek laminates thiab cov yeeb yuj txhawb. Ntau lub rhawv muab qhov chaw txaus rau postmodern art iav thiab collections. Cov vintage nug nqe ntawm 1stdib yog $18,500.
- Marco Zanini iav Mori Carafe - pib koj cov khoom kos duab pomo nrog qhov zoo nkauj vintage Italian kos duab iav, tsuas yog $ 3,600 ntawm Ruby Lane.
Pom tseeb, nws yuav siv nyiaj ntau heev los tawm hauv chav hauv vintage Italian rooj tog thiab khoom siv. Tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj Postmodern vibe hauv koj lub tswv yim kho kom zoo nkauj los ntawm kev ua raws nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nyuaj thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog kev sib tham ntawm retro ntawm wit, kitsch lossis kev lom zem.
Postmodern Great Room
Cov neeg tsim qauv Postmodern tau siv zog los tsim cov lus sib tham, sib txuas cov kab lis kev cai pop rau hauv cov khoom siv high-end thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam rau hauv cov khoom kim heev. Kev xav sab nraum lub thawv coj txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xim, cov ntaub ntawv thiab textures.
Cov chav nyob hauv daim duab ntawm no nrog nws cov xim retro xim av, txiv kab ntxwv thiab daj xim muaj ib cozy 70s vibe uas ua rau koj xav ncaws tawm koj nkawm khau thiab taug kev barefoot ntawm qhov txias, frosty xiav shag ntaub pua plag. Turquoise noj cov rooj zaum, avocado chandelier globes, cob alt thiab xiav-ntsuab vases thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntsuab accent cov rooj zaum sib koom qhov chaw nrog bold pops ntawm taub dag txiv kab ntxwv, sunflower daj thiab mustard. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj, sib txawv xim qauv siv rau sleek, cov rooj tog zaum.
Lub rooj kas fes zoo nkauj zoo li zoo li muaj lub ntsej muag ua los ntawm cov hlais loj ntawm Redwood log txhawb los ntawm cov ceg ntoo laminate. Lub khob sab saum toj ntawm lub rooj thib ob txiav los ntawm ntug ntawm lub cav hlais, koom nrog cov ntxhuav rau hauv ib qho. Zaum ntawm ib sab ntawm lub rooj zaum tawv xim av yog stump zoo li lub rooj zaum kawg npog hauv ci iab, nyiaj xim hlau ntawv ci nrog cov nyhuv ntxim nyiam. Qhov ntev, dawb txee hovering saum lub rooj zaum zoo li tsis ua haujlwm vim yog siv lead ua ntshiab, Lucite dab lub rooj zaum nyob rau sab nraud. Lwm cov yam ntxwv postmodern txheej nyob rau hauv chav tsev txoj kev tsim qauv muaj xws li:
- Functionless npliag ntas dai ntawm phab ntsa
- Lub qhov cub kitschy mounted zoo li nws yog phab ntsa kos duab
- Nkauj tawm tshiab ntawm dai dai pendant teeb
- Fabkis Neoclassical style lub rooj zaum ua los ntawm cov khoom siv acrylic niaj hnub
- Nods rau Art Deco hauv staircase banister thiab cov khoom ua si qub tsheb
- Varied mix of material and textures
Chav tsev qhov tsis sib xws, cov kab dej hauv lub qab nthab cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov kab hniav zoo nkauj yog cov cim qhia txog kev zoo nkauj tom qab.
A Style that Defies Definition
Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm postmodern tau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv, nws yog ib qho kev tsim qauv tsis zoo uas suav nrog cornucopia ntawm kev nthuav qhia thiab kev xav dawb. Postmodern tsim ua kev zoo siab rau yav dhau los motifs, flashy fads, lub neej yav tom ntej dystopian thiab ludicrous cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib qho kev xav txog kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th uas tau tawm tsam cov tswv yim yav dhau los txog kev tsim thiab coj kev lees paub tshiab rau nws tus kheej
