Txhua xyoo hluav taws hauv tsev ua rau ntau dua $ 7 nphom ntawm kev puas tsuaj hauv thaj tsam li 366,000 lub tsev hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Hluav taws kub retardants, chemicals tsim los txo qhov flammability ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom, tau siv ntau xyoo hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum cov hluav taws kub retardants txo qis qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub hauv ntau cov khoom siv, qee cov chav kawm ntawm cov hluav taws kub retardants muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Inorganic
Inorganic hluav taws kub retardants feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov xim, nplaum, hlau thiab cables, thiab ntaub coatings. Muaj ntau hom inorganic tebchaw yog siv, tab sis feem ntau yog hydrated txhuas thiab magnesium oxide, thiab lawv feem ntau ua ke nrog rau lwm yam hluav taws kub retardant chav kawm. Inorganic hluav taws retardants slows tus txheej txheem ntawm decomposition thiab tso tawm cov nplaim taws gases.
Fire Retardant Safety
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum dhau los, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb loj tau xaus cov hluav taws kub retardants, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hluav taws kub halogenated thiab phosphorus hluav taws kub retardants, muaj feem xyuam nrog ntau yam kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Halogenated (tseem hu ua organohalogne) nplaim retardants muaj bromine los yog chlorine bonded rau ib tug carbon molecule. Organophosphorous hluav taws retardants muaj xws li ib tug phosphorus atom bonded rau ib tug carbon molecule. Cov tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no suav tias yog Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
POPs tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij tseem ceeb rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Tsis zoo li lwm yam tshuaj, POPs tsis tawg rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab nyob twj ywm thiab muaj kev phom sij rau ntau xyoo. POPs tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb hauv av, huab cua, thiab dej vim yog lub voj voog ib puag ncig ntuj. Txij li thaum POPs pom thoob plaws hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, lawv khaws cia hauv cov ntaub so ntswg adipose (rog) ntawm cov kab mob nyob, suav nrog tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Ntau tus tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb tsis paub txog kev kis POPs txhua qhov chaw lawv mus rau hauv ib puag ncig. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom POPs deb ntawm Artic Circle.
Human He alth Risks
Fire retardants nyiam siv dav. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau hauv Environmental Science & Technology pom cov tebchaw xav tias yuav tsis siv hauv Tebchaws Meskas ntxiv lawm vim kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv tseem muaj nyob rau hauv txaj txaj, hloov rooj zaum, thiab lub rooj zaum hauv tsheb. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of California ntawm Berkeley tau tshawb pom tias nrog txhua qhov nce kaum npaug ntawm cov hluav taws kub nyhiab hauv leej niam cov ntshav, muaj feem cuam tshuam txog 115-gram ntawm nws tus menyuam qhov hnyav thaum yug.
Cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav tau nce ntau dua 270% hauv 20 xyoo dhau los thiab yog ib qho ntawm kaum feem ntau mob qog noj ntshav hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Duke University cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov neeg uas muaj cov kab mob tua hluav taws ntau hauv lawv cov plua plav hauv tsev yog tsib npaug ntau dua yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Raws li ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj, qee cov chav kawm ntawm hluav taws kub retardants, zoo li brominated hluav taws retardants, tuaj yeem ua raws li cov tshuaj endocrine cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov thyroid ua haujlwm.
Xyoo 1977, chlorinated Tris, cov hluav taws kub retardant uas nrov siv hauv cov menyuam yaus lub pajamas, raug txheeb xyuas tias yog cov carcinogen thiab txwv tsis pub siv. Txawm li cas los xij, chlorinated Tris tseem muaj feem ntau pom yam tsis muaj ntawv ceeb toom hauv lub rooj zaum hauv ncoo thiab hauv ncoo hauv ncoo thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas. Lub koom haum US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tau ua haujlwm nrog polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) cov chaw tsim khoom los yeem theem tawm ntawm kev siv PBDEs txij li xyoo 2004. PBDEs tau txuas rau IQ qis thiab ncua kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev hauv cov menyuam yaus. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov hluav taws kub nyhiab tshiab nrog cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws rau PBDEs tau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam hauv xyoo tas los no uas tsis paub txog kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Environmental Risks
Txij li xyoo 1970, cov hluav taws kub hnyiab tau ntxiv rau ntau yam kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom lossis tshuaj tsuag rau cov khoom tom qab. Vim lawv cov txheej txheem thov, cov hluav taws kub retardants ib txwm khiav tawm raws li vapor lossis cov pa hauv huab cua uas muaj kev nyiam los lo rau ntawm qhov chaw los yog kho raws li cov plua plav hauv ib puag ncig. Thaum tso tawm, hluav taws kub retardants tuaj yeem tsim hauv av, dej, thiab huab cua. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom cov qib siab ntawm PBDEs hauv cov phev whales thiab lwm yam tsiaj arctic uas siv lawv lub sijhawm ntau txhiab mais deb ntawm tib neeg qhov chaw qhia tias PBDEs thiab hluav taws kub retardants tuaj yeem taug kev los ntawm dej thiab cua.
Nyob rau xyoo 2004 National He alth and Nutrition Examination Survey ua los ntawm Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Tiv Thaiv (CDC), CDC pom 97% ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas tau kuaj pom cov hluav taws kub nyhiab hauv lawv cov ntshav, thiab cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 12 thiab 19 muaj qib siab tshaj.
Txhob Cia Siab
Hmoov tsis zoo, cov hluav taws kub hnyiab tau nyob txhua qhov chaw yog li tshem tawm koj qhov cuam tshuam rau lawv yog tsis yooj yim sua. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem ua cov kauj ruam los txo qhov raug hluav taws kub retardants. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau txuas ntau chav kawm ntawm hluav taws kub retardants rau cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv mus sij hawm ntev. Txoj Kev Pabcuam Saib Xyuas Menyuam Yaus hauv California qhia txog cov kauj ruam yooj yim hauv qab no txhawm rau txo koj qhov raug:
- Ntxuav koj ob txhais tes tas li txhua hnub vim tias cov tshuaj tua hluav taws muaj nyob ntawm tes thiab tuaj yeem noj tau thaum tuav tes mus rau qhov ncauj.
- Txo cov plua plav hauv tsev los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab nqus tsev nrog HEPA lim thiab ntub mop.
- Tsis txhob PBDE-kho ua npuas ncauj. Ua npuas ncauj uas tau sau tias "California TB 117" yuav muaj cov hluav taws kub nyhiab zoo li PBDEs.
- txwv tsis pub cov ntaub pua plag thiab drapery hauv koj lub tsev vim cov ntaub yog tej zaum kho nrog hluav taws kub retardant.
- Xaiv cov rooj tog ntoo lossis rooj tog uas muaj polyester, down, wool, lossis paj rwb vim lawv feem ntau tsis kho nrog hluav taws kub.
- Tiv thaiv cov menyuam yaus los ntawm kev tso cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov chaw taws teeb tswj, hauv lawv lub qhov ncauj vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau tseem raug kho nrog PBDEs thiab lwm yam hluav taws kub.
- Nrhiav cov khoom, xws li rooj tog, uas yog tsim tsis muaj nplaim taws. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv lo tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, yog li koj tsis paub tseeb tias cov khoom puas tsis muaj cov tshuaj no tshwj tsis yog tias lawv tau sau cov nplaim hluav taws tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
About Fire Retardants
Fire retardants, tseem hu ua nplaim retardants, yog ib yam tshuaj uas siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom, xws li rooj tog, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab hluav taws xob, kom ua tau raws li cov qauv flammability tau tsim los ntawm Consumer Product Safety Commission. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws cov qauv hluav taws xob tau tsim thawj zaug hauv US Flammable Fabrics Act nyob rau xyoo 1953. Txoj Cai no tswj kev tsim cov khaub ncaws uas muaj hluav taws kub heev tom qab muaj kev tuag txaus ntshai ntawm ntau tus menyuam hnav rayon hauv xyoo 1940s. Txoj Cai tau hloov kho xyoo 1967 kom suav nrog rooj tog, ua npuas ncauj, yas, thiab lwm yam khoom siv rau khaub ncaws thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov rooj tog zaum.
Cov tuam txhab luam yeeb raug kev kub ntxhov hauv xyoo 1980 los tsim "kev nyab xeeb hluav taws" luam yeeb tau thawb kev siv hluav taws kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv rooj tog vim tias cov luam yeeb yog ib qho ua rau hluav taws hauv tsev. Hloov chaw ntawm kev siv nyiaj los tsim ib hom luam yeeb tshiab, cov thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab luam yeeb thiab cov chaw tos txais tau teeb tsa National Association of State Fire Marshalls thiab thawb rau cov rooj tog nplaim hluav taws. Niaj hnub no, hluav taws kub retardants feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv electronics, tsev rwb thaiv tsev, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, thiab pua pua ntawm cov khoom thoob plaws hauv koj lub tsev.
txwv thiab tiv thaiv koj qhov raug
Cov hluav taws kub retardants feem ntau yog siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb hauv kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam kom txo tau cov khoom tawg, thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam tsis tau. Txhawm rau txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam nrog cov hluav taws kub nyhiab, ua cov kauj ruam yooj yim los txwv koj qhov raug rau cov hluav taws kub retardants.
