Origami, Japanese kos duab ntawm daim ntawv folding, tau nyob ib puag ncig rau ntau pua xyoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj ib tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tsim lub tswv yim nws tus kheej. Ntau tus tswv ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua tau zoo li nws txoj kev loj hlob ntau pua xyoo.
Origami ncua sij hawm
Cov hauv qab no yog lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm origami.
- 1150 BCE - Qhov no yog qhov piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm folding paub, ib daim ntawv qhia Egyptian thaum ub.
- 105 CE - Hauv Suav teb, daim ntawv tau tsim thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem muaj origami yam tsis muaj nws.
- 6th Century CE - Cov hauj sam qhia ntawv rau Kauslim Teb thiab Nyiv los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
- 7th Century CE - Lub Mayan kev vam meej tsim ib phau ntawv folding hu ua codex.
- 10th Century CE - Hauv Nyij Pooj, cov kiv cua folding niaj hnub tau los rau hauv lub neej thiab ua nws txoj hauv kev thoob plaws ntiaj teb sab hnub tuaj.
- 14th Century CE - Archaeologists los ntawm Tuam Tshoj nrhiav tau folded ntawv funerary khoom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm ob peb los ntawm Yuan Dynasty.
- 1629 - Tus sau Italian Mattia Giegher tau luam tawm phau ntawv, Li Tre Trattati, uas muaj cov duab piav qhia ntawm cov tsiaj folding zoo nkauj, qhia tias daim ntawv folding (thiab daim ntaub folding) tau tuav hauv Western Europe.
- 1680 - Ib zaj paj huam los ntawm Ihara Saikaku hais txog folded origami butterflies siv nyob rau hauv kab tshoob ceremony.
- 1764 - Sadatake Ise luam tawm thawj phau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv folding, Tsutsumi-no Ki (Book of Wrapping).
- 1797 - zais zais rau Folding 1,000 Cranes tau luam tawm, uas yog thawj phau ntawv hais txog kev ua si daim ntawv folding.
- 1872 - Daim ntawv folding ua nws txoj hauv kev rau North America los ntawm lub sijhawm no, raws li tau piav qhia los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Asmeskas tsab xov xwm hais txog folding daim ntawv lub kaus mom.
- 1950s - Yoshizawa thiab Randlett tau tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cim origami tseem siv hauv daim ntawv folding niaj hnub no.
Origami coj cov duab hauv Nyiv
Lo lus origami yog Japanese thiab txhais tau tias folding ntawv. Nws los ntawm cov lus oru (rau quav) thiab kami (daim ntawv).
Nyob rau hnub ntxov ntawm origami, ntawv yog ib yam khoom kim heev. Cov tsev neeg Nyij Pooj uas muaj nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig tsuas yog cov uas muaj peev xwm them tau ntawv, yog li cov duab origami tau siv los xaiv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb lossis nthuav tawm ua khoom plig. Piv txwv li:
- Hauv Shinto kab tshoob kev kos, origami butterflies tau muab tais los sawv cev rau tus nkauj nyab thiab nraug vauv. Cov npauj npaim tau muab tso rau saum lub hwj fwj thiab hu ua Mecho (poj niam) thiab Ocho (txiv neej). Folded origami butterflies siv nyob rau hauv kab tshoob ceremonies yog hais nyob rau hauv ib zaj paj huam los ntawm Ihara Saikaku los ntawm 1680.
- Folded paper gift wrappers hu ua tsutsumi tau siv nyob rau hauv qee cov kev ua koob tsheej los ua cim lub siab dawb paug.
- Folded daim ntawv nrog rau cov khoom plig muaj txiaj ntsig tau hu ua tsuki. Lawv tau ua daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov tseeb los txheeb xyuas qhov muaj nqis ntawm cov khoom.
Folding a Senbazuru
Thaum tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv poob qis, origami tau dhau los ua khoom siv tes ua los ntawm ntau cov neeg Nyij Pooj. Ib qho tseem ceeb origami kev lig kev cai yog lub folding ntawm ib tug senbazuru.
A senbazuru yog ib phau ntawm 1,000 folded paper cranes strung ua ke ntawm ib los yog ntau txoj hlua. Japanese kab lis kev cai hais tias folding 1,000 daim ntawv cranes muab sijhawm rau koj los ua ib qho tshwj xeeb xav tau. Lub senbazuru yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm thawj phau ntawv puas tau luam tawm txog origami. Hiden Senbazuru Orikata (Secret to Folding One Thousand Cranes) tau luam tawm xyoo 1797. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus sau phau ntawv tseem ceeb no tsis paub.
Nyob rau tiam tam sim no, kev lig kev cai ntawm folding 1,000 daim ntawv cranes yog ze rau Sadako Sasaki. Tom qab Hiroshima nuclear foob pob poob rau Nyiv xyoo 1945, Sadako yog ib tug ntawm ntau tus neeg uas tsim cov kab mob leukemia vim raug hluav taws xob. Nws tau sim ua siab tawv kom quav 1,000 daim ntawv cranes thaum nws nyob hauv tsev kho mob tau kho nws tus mob, tab sis dhau mus ua ntej nws tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov project. Nws cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg ua tiav senbazuru hauv nws txoj kev hwm.
Sadako zaj dab neeg yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov menyuam yaus phau ntawv Sadako thiab Txhiab Ntawv Cranes los ntawm Eleanor Coerr. Nws tau pom dav thoob plaws hauv lo lus raws li lub cim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog muaj rau cov me nyuam dawb huv. Muaj ib tug pej thuam loj ntawm Sadako tuav lub golden origami crane nyob rau hauv Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.
Kev Tsim Kho ntawm Yoshizawa-Randlett System
Feem ntau hu ua tus thawj coj ntawm origami, Akira Yoshizawa (1911-2005) pib ua haujlwm nrog origami thaum nws muaj peb xyoos xwb. Thaum nws muaj 26 xyoo, nws tig los xyaum origami puv sijhawm.
Yoshizawa tau tsim cov txheej txheem ntub dej folding nrov, uas muaj cov txheej txheem maj mam txau cov ntawv xuas tes ua tuab nrog cov dej tsis zoo los tsim cov qauv sib npaug thiab ntau dua. Nws txoj haujlwm tau nthuav tawm thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Amsterdam's Stedelijk Tsev khaws puav pheej, Louvre hauv Paris, Cooper Union hauv New York, thiab Mingei International Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv San Diego. Nws kuj tau tsim lub International Origami Society.
Yoshizawa yog nto moo rau nws tsim nws tus kheej designs es tsis txhob cia siab rau ib txwm kawm thiab daim duab. Nyob rau hauv 1954, nws tau tsim ib tug system ntawm cov cim rau standardize origami cov lus qhia thiab ua kom nws yooj yim dua los qhia lwm tus yuav ua li cas rau quav ib tug qauv. Yav dhau los, txhua lub nplaub tshev siv lawv tus kheej daim duab kos duab sib tham.
Samuel Randlett's The Art of Origami, luam tawm xyoo 1961, tau piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntau dua thiab ntxiv ob peb lub cim los piav qhia cov ntsiab lus xws li tig thiab ua kom zoom. Txij thaum ntawd los, Yoshizawa-Randlett system tau siv los ntawm origami. Cov neeg nyiam nyob thoob ntiaj teb.
Los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem lus, Yoshizawa-Randlett system yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua origami daim duab nrov uas nws niaj hnub no.
Modular Origami
Kev lig kev cai, origami yog txhais los ntawm folding ib daim ntawv tsis tau txiav los yog siv nplaum. Modular origami redefines daim ntawv folding los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv complex los ntawm ntau yam folded units. Tus qauv Sonobe, muab qhab nia rau Mitsunobu Sonobe, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970s thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev ua kom nrov ntawm cov khoom siv origami.
Paper Folding in Other Cultures
Lub sij hawm origami yog Nyiv, tab sis zoo sib xws ntawm daim ntawv folding tau xyaum nyob rau hauv ntau lwm haiv neeg. Piv txwv li:
- Tuam Tshoj: Cai Lun, tus thawj coj hauv tsev hais plaub hauv tebchaws Han Dynasty, tau tsim daim ntawv nyob ib puag ncig 105 AD hauv Suav teb. Kev kos duab ntawm daim ntawv folding yog hu ua zhenzi hauv Suav. Nws zoo ib yam li origami, tab sis Suav cov ntawv tais ceev tseg nyiam ua cov nkoj, cov tais diav me me, cov khoom ua si rau menyuam yaus, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsis muaj tsiaj es tsis txhob siv tsiaj thiab paj uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Japanese origami.
- Korea: Kauslim cov me nyuam kawm ib hom ntawv folding hu ua jong-i jeobgi ua ib feem ntawm lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov lus qhia. Ddakji, qhov kev ua si ua si siv cov ntawv tais diav, yog ib qho kev ua si nrov rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus ib yam nkaus. Nws tau ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb hauv cov yeeb yam nrov South Kauslim ntau yam yeeb yam Running Man.
- Spain: Hauv Spain, daim ntawv folding hu ua papiroflexia. Informally, nws yog hu ua "folding pajaritas." Pajarita yog hom ntawv hen uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov neeg Mev ua lub cim ntawm papiroflexia ntau npaum li cov neeg Nyij Pooj koom nrog cov ntawv crane nrog origami.
- Lub teb chaws Yelemees: Cov neeg German hais txog daim ntawv folding li papirf alten. Lub hnub qub Froebel, muaj npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws qhia Friedrich Froebel, yog tus piv txwv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm papirf alten. Froebel tau mob siab rau nws txoj haujlwm los siv daim ntawv folding los ua cov tswv yim lej yooj yim rau cov menyuam nkag siab.
Ntuj Cuam Tshuam Coj Daim Ntawv Folding mus rau Qib Tom ntej
Niaj hnub muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm origami ntau yam los ntawm kev tsim cov duab puab uas yog cov duab loj heev los ua cov duab sawv cev nrog cov duab origami yooj yim tshaj plaws. Geometric tsim thiab cov duab txuas ntxiv ua rau cov neeg ua lej thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, nrog cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj thiab cov neeg ntawm lwm lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov lus nug ntawm leej twg tsim origami yog ib qho uas yuav tsis teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev xav tshiab, cov tswv yim, thiab cov duab kos yuav txuas ntxiv kom ntseeg tau qhov chaw origami hauv keeb kwm rau xyoo tom ntej.
