Jazz, seev cev, yog raws li kev sim, dawb daim ntawv thiab kua li jazz, suab paj nruag. Nws yog fusion, nws yog inventive, nws yog exuberant. Thiab, zoo li cov suab paj nruag, jazz seev cev yog ib daim duab kos duab Asmeskas tshwj xeeb nrog kev cuam tshuam los ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Kev sib tw thiab sib dhos ntawm jazz yog ib txwm hais txog kev ua tau zoo.
Original Moves
Jazz tau tshwm sim hauv New Orleans hauv xyoo pua 19th, nrog qee lub hauv paus ntxov tshaj plaws ntseeg tau los ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab West Africa - qhov tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau Asmeskas nrog kev lag luam qhev. Cov neeg African tau nyob rau hauv kev nplua nuj somatic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv uas seev cev yog ib tug dawb huv thiab ib tug kev lig kev cai. Hauv Asmeskas, African seev cev tau woven los ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev sib tham hauv zej zog thiab tau txais kev pabcuam los khaws lub siab ntawm tus kheej thiab keeb kwm ntawm tus kheej. Los ntawm xyoo 1600s, xws li kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev tawg, kev xav, kev ua yeeb yam thiab seev cev tau ntes pej xeem kev xav. Nws tsis ntev ua ntej mus ncig minstrels tau theej cov choreography, suav nrog cov kab lis kev cai artifact rau hauv kev tawm tsam, kev lom zem. Tab sis African seev cev tawm tsam kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg - nws yog qhov ntxim nyiam heev thiab ua rau muaj kev thuam thiab pov tseg. Hloov chaw, cov qauv tsiv mus rau vaudeville, thiab tom qab ntawd Broadway, raws li txoj kev txhawb nqa kais thiab hloov tus neeg ntaus pob thiab kev ua las voos thaum ntxov.
Txhua yam Style
Nyob rau xyoo 1800s thiab thaum ntxov 1900s, qhov kev ua las voos tsis zoo li kev ua ub ua no tau nthuav tawm xws li Charleston, Jitterbug, Cakewalk, Dub Hauv Qab, Boogie Woogie, Swing, thiab Lindy Hop. Jazz suab paj nruag tau qiv cov suab paj nruag los ntawm African suab paj nruag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntaus nruas, thiab tsim cov ntawv tshiab. New Orleans yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom nrog kev nyuaj siab, sab ntsuj plig, ragtime, marches, thiab Tin Pan Alley suab. Xyoo 1817, New Orleans tau tso tseg thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw ua si hu ua Congo Square rau African seev cev thiab suab paj nruag tsis raug cai. Qhov ntawd yog cov noob hauv av rau ntau tus neeg ntaus suab paj nruag thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb thaum ntxov rau ib qho ntawm New Orleans 'cov khoom nto moo tshaj plaws, tag nrho Asmeskas daim duab hu ua jazz. Tab sis kev seev cev txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua yeeb yam hu ua jazz seev cev uas peb tam sim no sau kais. Cov suab paj nruag ua rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam European classical ballet, ntxiv qhov sib txawv American twist rau lub tsev hais plaub seev cev thiab ua rau cov ntaub ntawv seev cev sib tw uas tau hloov zuj zus nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo pua nees nkaum.
Leej twg Tau Txais
Nyob rau xyoo 1930, Jack Cole, tus kws qhia ua las voos niaj hnub, pib ntxiv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm East Indian thiab African seev cev rau nws choreography. Nws tau dhau los ua tus cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau qee tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo pua 20th ntawm kev ua yeeb yam jazz, uas tau teeb tsa Hollywood thiab Broadway nrog lawv cov kev hloov tshiab thiab kev zoo siab. Cole tau cob qhia cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Hollywood hauv nws cov qauv jazzy, suav nrog Gwen Verdon, uas yuav mus koom ua ke nrog cov lus dab neeg Bob Fosse, thiab Chita Rivera indomitable. Jazz dancers tsis muaj txuj ci amateurs lawm. Lawv tau txais kev cob qhia heev - hauv kev ntaus pob, niaj hnub thiab kais. Jazz seev cev tau txais nws qhov chaw nyob ib sab ntawm "kev cai lij choj" daim ntawv seev cev thiab ua pov thawj nrov nqi nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw lom zem.
Tshuaj ntsuab thiab loj hlob
Ib lub hnub qub ntawm cov choreographers tshiab indelibly hloov cov ntaub ntawv jazz kua heev.
- Katherine Dunham - Txij xyoo 1930 los, Dunham tau koom nrog kev ua las voos uas nws tau pom ntawm kev taug kev mus rau Caribbean thiab Africa los kawm txog kev seev cev rau pawg neeg ua yeeb yam - thiab niaj hnub tsom rau cov khoom uas nws tsim rau nws cov tuam txhab.
- Dunham, nyob rau hauv lem, cuam tshuam Alvin Ailey, uas choreographed xws li enduring ua hauj lwm rau nws tus kheej lub tuam txhab raws li Tshwmsim, premiered 1960, thiab teem Hmo Ntuj Creature rau classic jazz ntawm Duke Ellington. Ailey infused txoj moo zoo, kev nyuaj siab thiab African-Asmeskas sab ntsuj plig nrog kev seev cev niaj hnub rau nws tus kheej qhuas jazzy riff ntawm kev seev cev niaj hnub.
- Michael Kidd, tus soloist nrog American Ballet Theatre, muaj khoom plig tsis zoo rau kev saib cov lus piav qhia balletic los ntawm lub lens niaj hnub. Nws tau muab kev seev cev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj nrog cov yeeb yam ntawm zaj dab neeg uas nws tau ua haujlwm rau wow cov neeg tuaj saib nrog cov kev sib txawv xws li Finian's Rainbow (1947), Guys and Dolls (1950) thiab Hollywood suab paj nruag Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954).
- Jerome Robbins muaj txuj ci rau kev cia siab thiab nws tau sib yuav nws thawj tus hlub, ntaus pob, nrog rau qhov tseeb-raws li jazz tus lej uas tau lees paub nws qhov chaw ntawm Broadway immortals. Nws thawj zaug kev koom tes nrog Leonard Bernstein thaum xyoo 1940s yog tus lej me me uas muaj peb tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm ntug dej, hu ua Fancy Free. Qhov ntawd tau coj mus rau lub nkoj uas nrov Broadway qhia suav nrog Hauv Nroog, Sab Hnub Poob Zaj Dab Neeg, Tus Vaj Ntxwv thiab Kuv, Gypsy, Peter Pan, Hu Rau Kuv Madam, thiab Fiddler ntawm Lub Tsev, ntawm ntau lwm Broadway, zaj duab xis thiab kev ua yeeb yam. Robbins kos npe balletic style qiv nws tus kheej rau lub davhlau ntawm fantasy, pej xeem seev cev thiab txoj kev txav uas ua rau txhua tus ntawm nws jazz seev cev unforgettable.
Ib pawg ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv tseem ceeb tau hloov txoj kev jazz dancers cob qhia thiab txav mus, ntawm lawv:
- Luigi (Eugene Louis Faccuito) raug tso tseg los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv Hollywood los ntawm kev sib tsoo loj uas ua rau nws ua rau tuag tes tuag taw. Kev ua las voos raws li nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1940s los kho nws tus kheej yog qhov cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus neeg ua las voos, uas siv lawv hauv studios niaj hnub no - ib qho luv luv rau cov txheej txheem jazz. Luigi codified jazz txav, uas ua rau nws ntev kudos raws li "txiv ntawm classic jazz."
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Gus Giordano kuj tau txais koob meej ntev ntawm cov neeg seev cev jazz hauv xyoo 1960 nrog nws txoj kev ywj pheej, thiab kev sib cais ntawm lub taub hau thiab lub cev. Tab sis nws tau raug sau tseg rau kev tsim Jazz Dance World Congress thiab thawb rau jazz kom tau nws cov laurels raws li daim duab kos duab. Ib lub tsev kawm seev cev hauv Chicago qhia nws cov txheej txheem nrov.
chav kawm seev cev
Bob Fosse
Qhov twg pib nrog Bob Fosse? Tej zaum nrog nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam nrov jazz rau "Steam Heat" hauv Broadway's 1954 smash hit, Pajama Game. Fosse nws tus kheej yog ib tug neeg Amelikas qub, ib tug ntawm rau cov menyuam yaus uas nyuaj rau nws txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev seev cev hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog txiv neej hauv chav kawm, tuaj tos cov neeg ncaws pob, jazz, taug kev, cancan, gypsy seev cev, tsoos Askiv suab paj nruag-chav thiab lwm yam qauv. uas pom lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv nws cov seev cev. Nws cov qauv tshiab tau sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Fred Astaire nrog cov ribald comedy ntawm vaudeville thiab burlesque. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog Fosse choreography, ua kom nto moo xws li Pajama Game, Damn Yankees, Kev siab hlub qab zib, Yuav ua li cas kom ua tiav hauv kev lag luam yam tsis tau sim tiag tiag, Pippin, Cabaret, Chicago, thiab Txhua Yam Jazz, los ntawm ib mais deb. Tig-hauv lub hauv caug thiab cov ntiv taw, lub xub pwg yob, splayed los yog qhib ob txhais tes, lub kaus mom bowler, fishnet stockings, pelvic cais, pob khawm los ntawm lub duav, Fosse yuav siv sij hawm tswj consummate. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj ua thiab zoo heev thaum ua tau zoo - qhov kev cob qhia ua las voos ntau dua koj muaj, koj yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm Fosse.
Broadway thiab Breakin'
Saib Broadway, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam jazz hnub no, thiab koj yuav pom fusion hauv paj puv. Kev txhawb siab tsis ntev los no ntawm Pippin hloov Fosse's iconic choreography rau circus aerials thiab acrobatics. Lion King muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm niaj hnub. Miv yog qhov kev lig kev cai tiag tiag, nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam niaj hnub thiab cov neeg seev cev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam ntawm cov felines. Hamilton ntxiv hip hop rau qhov tsw. Thaum breakdancing los txog rau Broadway, qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug high-zog hybrid - ib tug tag nrho lotta jazz. Tutting, popping, moonwalking thiab lwm yam hip hop style yog los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau South Bronx los ntawm Gambia, Mali thiab Senegal, West African haiv neeg, yog li jazz tsis dhau deb ntawm nws cov hauv paus hniav. Nws yog qhov koj tuaj yeem ua tau - tsuav yog qhov kev txav mus los yog kev xav thiab ua kom zoo nkauj, cov neeg tuaj saib tseem nyiam. Qhov kev thov ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam ua rau cov neeg seev cev thiab ua rau muaj suab nrov tsis tu ncua, txawm tias nws nyob ntawm theem, ntawm txoj kev lossis ntawm qhov screen.
Nws Mus Qhov Twg Los Ntawm No
Tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov lus qhia jazz choreographers yuav tshawb - tag kis jazz tseem tsis tau xav txog hnub no. Tab sis ib yam yog qhov tseeb: zoo kawg nkaus, zoo kawg li, nco tau thiab lub siab-blowing jazz seev cev yuav cia li rov tsim kho nws tus kheej thiab nrhiav cov kiv cua tshiab. Nws tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Jazz yog Asmeskas li txiv apple ncuav qab zib, mishmash ntawm lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai thiab kev tshoov siab distilled rau hauv ib qho kev ntxim nyiam uas koj yuav pom nyuaj los txhais tab sis yuav nco ntsoov paub thaum koj pom nws.
