Txoj kev txhawb siab thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab tuaj yeem yog qhov nyuaj. Cov xyoo tsim tawm no coj ntau yam kev hloov pauv rau menyuam yaus lub neej, thiab nws tuaj yeem nyuaj kom paub tias hom kev ua ub no thiab kev paub yuav ua rau lawv muaj kev txhawb siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov khoom xyaw kom raug thiab kev nkag siab txog cov menyuam yaus pom lub ntiaj teb thaum lawv kawm ntawv theem nrab, koj yuav pom txoj hauv kev los txhawb cov menyuam kom mus deb ntxiv.
Kev hloov pauv loj
Txoj kev hloov ntawm tsev kawm theem qis mus rau theem nrab feem ntau nyuaj vim yog qhov xav tau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Txawm hais tias qee lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib yooj yim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv no, feem ntau xav kom cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm kev zaum hauv ib chav kawm tag nrho ib hnub mus rau kev hloov cov chav kawm, kawm paub yuav ua li cas tuav ntau tus kws qhia ntawv thiab mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv loj dua. Tej zaum lawv kuj yuav lav ris rau cov qauv kev sib ntsib uas nyuaj dua thiab muaj sijhawm tsawg dua kom tau txais kev pab ib leeg kom ua tau raws li cov qauv nruj dua no.
Raws li American Psychological Association, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntsib kev poob qis hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab mus rau tsev kawm theem qis thiab qhov no yuav los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev lees paub rau tus kheej, nce kev sib tw thiab kev hloov pauv. APA kuj tseem sau tseg tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau nqis tes ua tam sim ntawd thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab pib poob qis txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev poob qis.
Txoj hauv kev los txhawb cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab
Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Kawm Qib Nruab Nrab muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los nqis tes ua thiab txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem nrab hauv nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv Middle Ground thiab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua. Ob peb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb los ntawm AMLE yog:
- Muaj kev ntseeg rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem nrab kom pab tsim kho qhov tsis muaj kev hwm tus kheej uas lawv ntsib.
- Tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab.
- Tsim kev cia siab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab txuas kev kawm rau lawv qhov kev nyiam.
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation
Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem nrab yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb siab los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev txhawb siab sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov niam txiv tuaj yeem muab khoom plig rau lub cev rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, xws li muab cov ntsiab lus rau qhov khoom plig loj dua, lub sijhawm dawb lossis muaj peev xwm koom nrog hauv ib qho kev tshwm sim tshwj xeeb. Lawv tuaj yeem muab kev qhuas zoo thiab kev txhawb zog, pats rau sab nraub qaum thiab siab tsib los txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ntxhais kawm kuj yuav tsum kawm kom txhawb lawv tus kheej. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab kom teem lub hom phiaj thiab ncav cuag lawv thiab cia lawv ua tiav hauv qhov me me los txhim kho lawv txoj kev ntseeg siab.
Lub zog ntawm phooj ywg
Cov phooj ywg kuj ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev txhawb cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab. Raws li APA, kev muaj phooj ywg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav hauv tsev kawm theem nrab. Psychologist Erik Erikson kuj piav qhia txog lub zog ntawm kev phooj ywg hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab. Hauv nws yim theem ntawm kev loj hlob, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov phooj ywg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12 txog 18 xyoo. Muaj phooj ywg pab tus tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab txhim kho kev ntseeg tus kheej thiab pib tsim tus kheej.
Cov Xib Fwb Yuav Ua Li Cas
Cov Xib Fwb ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev txhawb nqa cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab. Txoj kev uas lawv nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv chav kawm thiab yuav ua li cas lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm.
Ua kom muaj nuj nqis
Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem nrab muaj lub siab "kuv", yog li kev qhia yuav tsum teb cov lus nug, "vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kuv?" los yog "qhov no cuam tshuam li cas rau kuv lub ntiaj teb?" Cov kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev paub cov tub ntxhais kawm qhov kev nyiam thiab muab lawv tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem nqa cov qauv ntawm lub neej tiag tiag thiab cov dab neeg hauv chav kawm los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm txaus siab.
Kev cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab lej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov ntxhais. Thaum lub caij kawm ntawv theem nrab, cov menyuam ntxhais feem ntau tsis nyiam kawm science thiab lej. Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Michigan, qhov no yog ib feem vim tias cov ntxhais tsis pom kev sib txuas ntawm kev ua poj niam thiab ua tus kws tshawb fawb ua tiav. Ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Ntxhais Hluas tau pom tias txhawm rau txhawm rau kev qhia txuj ci thiab lej kom ua tau zoo rau cov ntxhais, nws yuav tsum:
- Muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tes
- Qhia kom paub kev tshawb fawb pab tau tib neeg li cas
- Muab piv txwv ntawm cov poj niam uas tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb
Nkauj kho siab
Thaum tus kws qhia ntawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tsis yog kom lom zem rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab tsis tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav zaum hauv lawv lub rooj thiab sau ntawv rau tag nrho cov chav kawm lossis koom nrog cov dej num tib hnub dhau hnub. Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum ua kom chav kawm lom zem thiab koom nrog los ntawm kev tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm koom nrog ntau yam haujlwm ntawm tes, muab sijhawm rau lawv tham txog yam lawv kawm lossis ua haujlwm nrog lawv cov phooj ywg thiab niaj hnub qhia cov haujlwm tshiab. Nqa thev naus laus zis hauv chav kawm los ntawm lub vev xaib 2.0 daim ntawv thov, kev ua si thiab cov rooj sib tham dawb tuaj yeem ua rau kev kawm muaj txiaj ntsig thiab nthuav dav rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab.
Niam Txiv Yuav Ua Li Cas
Txawm tias lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau npaum li cov phooj ywg, cov niam txiv tseem tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm txhawb lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab. APA muab peb yam lus qhia los pab niam txiv txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab:
- Qhia kom me nyuam sim yam tshiab
- Cia lawv paub tias ua tsis tau zoo, yog lawv sim
- Nco ntsoov lawv tias kev kawm siv zog ua haujlwm
Ntxiv rau, cov niam txiv tuaj yeem pab npaj lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab kom ua tiav los ntawm kev muab cov txheej txheem ntawm lub koom haum, qhia kev kawm txuj ci thiab muab khoom plig rau kev ua tau zoo. Kev tham nrog koj tus menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab mloog thaum muaj teeb meem yuav pab koj paub thiab txhawb nqa koj tus menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab thaum muaj teeb meem.
Pay Attention
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj cov menyuam lossis cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab saib xyuas cov cim qhia ntawm kev txhawb siab. Dr. Robert Balfanz, tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev kawm qhia txog kev saib xyuas ABCs ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab: kev tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, teeb meem kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kawm. Qhov ua ntej koj ntes tau ib qho teeb meem thiab nqis tes ua, qhov tsis tshua muaj feem cuam tshuam rau koj tus menyuam cov xyoo kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab kev kawm ntxiv.
