" Cowboys," "vaqueros," "gauchos," txhua lo lus no conjures ib tug txawv cov duab, tab sis tag nrho cov hauj lwm no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Salamanca thiab Old Castile cheeb tsam ntawm kaum ob-xyoo pua Spain qhov twg nyuj herders hnav low-crown. kaus mom, bolero tsho, sashes, nruj-fitting trousers, thiab spurred khau boots. Kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm gauchos, vaqueros, thiab cowboys tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv Spain tab sis cov khoom tshiab ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws tau ntxiv vim muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov nyuj herders ua lawv txoj haujlwm. Kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm tag nrho peb tau hloov pauv vim yog kev tsim kho tshiab hauv ranching kab lis kev cai thiab hauv technologies siv los tsim cov khaub ncaws; Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib tus cwj pwm tseem nyob ntawm tag nrho peb pawg - lawv txoj kev nyiam ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws.
Gaucho Dress
Kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm gauchos tau cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Spain thaum teb rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig pom hauv South America. Lub xyoo pua puv 19 cov duab kos duab qhia lawv hnav cov kaus mom qis, tsho khuam, thiab cov tsho bolero, txhua tus muaj kev cuam tshuam Spanish. Lawv kuj hnav calzoncillos uas dais zoo ib yam li cov petticoat breeches uas yog fashionable nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thib kaum rau cov teb chaws Europe. Chiripá uas muaj cov pawm zoo li cov ris tsho tau hnav tshaj calzoncillos. Lub gauchos ntawm Argentina thiab Chile ntxiv ponchos uas tau los ntawm cov neeg ib txwm nyob hauv cheeb tsam rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cua txias thiab los nag tsim los ntawm Andes Toj siab uas tau nce siab tshaj pampas. Thaum lub sij hawm colonial, Argentinean gauchos hnav bota de potro, khau boots ua los ntawm txhais ceg tawv ntawm colts. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 lub tshuab tsim khau tau hloov lub bota de potro txij li thaum Argentineans tau tsim cov cai txwv tsis pub siv cov khau hauv tsev los tiv thaiv kev tua cov colts. Qhov feem ntau nthuav dav ntawm cov tsoos gaucho hnav khaub ncaws yog ib txoj siv dav hu ua cinturon, trimmed nrog npib thiab fastened nrog lub phaj loj buckle. Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo pua nees nkaum, calzoncillos thiab chiripá tau hloov los ntawm cov ris tsho dav-legged hu ua bombachas tucked rau hauv siab tawv khau, tab sis cov cinturon tseem yog ib feem ntawm gaucho tiab. Gauchos nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-thawj xyoo pua tseem zoo li lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ntxov xyoo pua nees nkaum, txij li thaum lawv tau hnav khaub ncaws qis, lub kaus mom dav dav, tsho luv, bombachas tucked rau hauv siab khau, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cinturons decorated nrog npib thiab dav phaj buckles. Qee qhov gauchos tseem siv ponchos, ob qho tib si rau kho kom zoo nkauj thiab tiv thaiv.
Vaquero Dress
Vaqueros ntawm Mexico, cov poj koob yawm txwv ncaj ncees tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas cowboy, kuj hnav khaub ncaws uas zoo li cov khaub ncaws hnav hauv Spain, txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv. Lub kaus mom qis, lub tsho bolero, sash, thiab khau boots tseem nyob, tab sis ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws tsim nyob rau hauv North American Southwest. Armas yog ib daim ntawv me me ntawm chaps ua los ntawm slabs ntawm cowhide dai ntawm lub eeb thiab folded rov qab los tiv thaiv ib tug vaquero ob txhais ceg los ntawm cov pos hniav uas yog ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab ib puag ncig. Chaparejos uas tau kaw tag nrho tus neeg caij tsheb ob txhais ceg yog qhov ua tau zoo tom ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv iav rau Mexican vaqueros. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau xyoo, vaquero hnav ris tsho muaj xws li tawv chaqueta lossis lub tsho, lub tsho, lub hauv caug breeches hu ua sotas uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tawv, ntev drawers pom hauv qab sotas, tawv leggings uas qhwv rau hauv caug, thiab spurs txuas rau buckskin nkawm khau.. Vaqueros, ib yam nkaus, hloov lawv cov khaub ncaws kom muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev hloov tshuab thiab kab lis kev cai. Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo pua kaum cuaj, lawv hnav ris tsho muaj cov kaus mom dav dav, lub kaus mom qis, lub tsho luv, lub duav-siab chaparreras khi rau ib txoj siv ntawm lub duav uas hnav dua cov ris tsho, khau boots thiab loj rowelled spurs. Lub xyoo pua nees nkaum vaquero hnav chaparejos uas zoo li cov uas tau tsim dua 400 xyoo dhau los tab sis nws hnav lub kaus mom dav dav nrog lub kaus mom siab dua nrog lub kaus mom zoo nkauj thiab lub tsho thiab lub tsho npaj txhij.
Cowboy Dress
Nyob nyuj sib nraus
Woolie chaps, ua los ntawm tawv tawv nrog cov plaub hau sab laug, thawj zaug tsim hauv California, tau qhia rau sab qaum teb cowboys los ntawm vaqueros uas tsav nyuj los ntawm Oregon mus rau Montana mining camps thaum xyoo 1860. Lawv tsis sawv cev rau cowboy kab lis kev cai kom txog rau thaum kev lag luam nyuj tau nthuav dav mus rau sab qaum teb thaj av thaum xyoo 1880s thaum woolies, raws li lawv tau hu ua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tiv thaiv cowboys los ntawm qhov txias uas yog ib feem ntawm sab qaum teb lub neej.
Dude Ranch Dress
Cov neeg tuaj saib sab hnub tuaj rau sab hnub poob tseem qee zaum yuav cov khaub ncaws cowboy zoo nkauj tab sis lawv muaj feem ntau ua lawv cov caij nees hauv cov khau thiab T-shirts es tsis txhob khau khiab cowboy thiab cov tsho satin. Ib qho laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws feem ntau tsis siv rau rau rau yim lub lis piam nyob rau sab hnub poob ranches lub caij ntuj sov tom qab lub caij ntuj sov, tab sis mus xyuas ib tug txiv neej ranch rau ib lossis ob lub lis piam ib zaug hauv lub neej.
Twenty-First-Century Western Dress
Cowboy hnav ris tsho tseem ceeb hauv Asmeskas kab lis kev cai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg nyob sab hnub poob. Feem ntau cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog kev zam rau cov neeg sab hnub poob kom muab lawv cov khaub ncaws sab hnub poob zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj cov kaus mom dav-brimmed Stetson, cov tsho sab hnub poob nrog nkhaus yokes thiab pearl snaps, tooled siv nrog zoo nkauj phaj buckles (los yog trophy buckles yog muaj), nruj, khau raj. - txiav ris ntauv txhav, thiab khau looj plab hlaub. Txawm tias cov poj niam hnav khaub ncaws hauv lawv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub Native American zoo tshaj plaws, cov tsho sab hnub poob zoo, cov tiab tag nrho, thiab khau khiab siab. Western style nyuaj rau tiv.
" Nws hnav khaub ncaws zoo li Wild West Show cowboy, nrog rau cov khoom ntxiv xws li ib lub tsho hnav puv rau pem hauv ntej zoo li poj niam lub tsho loj bertha, es tsis txhob khi nruj ncig lub caj dab kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav tawm thiab tawm hws los ntawm kev khiav txhua qhov. txoj kev mus rau hauv koj lub khau boots." Bronco Billy Anderson, tus cowboy tiag tiag uas tau ua yeeb yam hauv The Great Train Robbery.
Cary, Dianna Serra. Hollywood Posse. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975, p. 17.
Gauchos, vaqueros, thiab cowboys yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv South thiab North American kab lis kev cai. Tag nrho peb qhov sawv cev hnyav rau kev ywj pheej thiab kev cia siab rau tus kheej tab sis nws yog lawv cov khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv uas txhais tau tias txhua pab pawg. Gauchos tau lees paub los ntawm lawv cov khau siab siab, cov ris dav-legged, siv nyiaj npib zoo nkauj, thiab cov kaus mom dav dav. Vaqueros hnav sombreros uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj siab crowns thiab dav dav heev. Lawv tseem hnav cov chaparreras thiab khau boots thiab zoo nkauj spurs, tab sis lawv cov ris thiab lub tsho muaj kev cai ntau dua li cov poj koob yawm txwv hnav. Cowboys feem ntau hnav Stetson lub kaus mom uas muaj lub ntsej muag dav, lub tsho ci xim, thiab cov ris tsho xiav uas tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm cov duab cowboy. Slant-heeled cowboy khau looj plab hlaub, spurs, thiab cov cuab yeej siv nrog cov buckles zoo nkauj kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov duab cowboy. Rodeo cowboys tam sim no hnav chaps ua los ntawm tawv embellished nrog Mylar nyob rau hauv cov xim ci zoo li shocking liab thiab turquoise uas flash nyob rau hauv lub hnub raws li cov cowboys qhia lawv cov kev txawj nyob rau hauv lub arena. Txawm hais tias gauchos, vaqueros, thiab cowboys tuaj yeem taug qab lawv cov keeb kwm rau Spain, me ntsis hauv lawv cov tsos qhia txog kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm Salamanca xyoo pua kaum ob. Hloov chaw, txhua tus hnav cov khaub ncaws uas tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kab lis kev cai.
Saib rau America, Central thiab Mexico: Keeb Kwm Ntawm Hnav; North America: Keeb Kwm Ntawm Cov Neeg Hauv paus txawm hnav khaub ncaws; South America: Keeb Kwm Ntawm Hnav Hnav; khau khau; Kev zam thiab tus kheej; Txiv neej lub kaus mom; Jeans; Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv.
Bibliography
Bisko, Charles. "Lub Peninsular Background ntawm Latin American Cattle Ranching." Hispanic American Historical Review 32, no. 4 (Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1952): 491-506.
Cisneros, Jose. Cov neeg caij tsheb hla ntau pua xyoo: Cov neeg nyob hauv Spanish Borderlands. El Paso: University of Texas, 1984.
Dary, David. Cowboy Culture. Lawrence: Kansas University Press, 1989.
Slatta, Richard. Cowboys ntawm Asmeskas. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1990, p. 34.
Taylor, Lonn, thiab Ingrid Marr. American Cowboy. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1983.
Wilson, Laurel. "American Cowboy Hnav: Ua Haujlwm rau Zam." Hnav khaub ncaws 28 (2002): 40-52.
